Potential or Voltage transformers are electrical instruments used in transmitting electrical power from one circuit to another without changing the frequency. They operate by the principle of electromagnetic induction. They are used in transmitting electrical power between generators and distribution primary circuits. Potential or Voltage transformers are used to step up or step down the voltage in distribution networks. Since they have no rotating or moving parts, these instruments are considered static devices. These instruments work based on an alternating current (AC) electrical system.
A power transformer is a mere classification of transformers with a voltage range varying between 5VAC – 690VAC and a rating below 30 kVA. The voltage ratings of power transformers available in the market include 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V, 36V, 50V, 110V. The other types of transformers include current or instrument transformers.
Potential or Voltage transformers are essential in minimizing substantial energy losses, due to Joule’s effect, in the transmission of large amounts of electrical power over long distances by converting it into high-voltage current then stepping it down to a safer low-voltage current. They are commonly found in power supply, industrial machinery, and electric utility companies.